Explain Psalm 110:1

Psalm 110 is a psalm of David. In it we see a prophetic glimpse of Jesus, as we will often see in other psalms.

The LORD says to my Lord:
"Sit at my right hand
until I make your enemies
a footstool for your feet."
(Psalm 110:1 NIV)

This was a verse that the Pharisees in Jesus' day did not understand. Jesus used it to point out that he was the fulfillment of the prophecy. In his dialogue with them, he asks them a probing question about who's son the Christ (or Messiah) will be. They tell him that he will be the son of David. In reply, Jesus quotes Psalm 110:1 and asks, "If then David calls him 'Lord,' how can he be his son?" No one could say a word in reply, and from that day on no one dared to ask him any more questions" (Mat. 22:45 NIV).

It is noteworthy in explaining this that there are two uses of the word "Lord" in this passage. Most versions of the English Bible translate Jehovah or Yahweh into the capitalized word LORD. This is the name of God and was considered by Jews to be so holy that they would not even pronounce it. The word Lord (not in all capital letters), on the other hand means master.

From this perspective, David is pointing out a dialog between Jehovah and David's Lord, which is the promised Messiah.

It is interesting that this became a popular theme both in Jesus' ministry and in the apostles' ministries to follow. The verse is quoted or referred to in a variety of passages: